Materials for Interiors Wood

Hardwood Wood is the oldest construction material known to humanity. Before man had made advances enabling him to use brick and mortar, wood presented the viable stating place because of its relative abundance and ease of working.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Materials for Interiors: Wood specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Almost all cultures have a history of working with wood for various applications. In ancient times, the Chinese stand out as experts on wood technology. However, all civilizations claim equal stake in developing wood applications in their localities. Hardwood grows naturally in different parts of the world. It is the main raw material for hardwood flooring. Woodcutters obtain the wood from forests and saw it into planks for use as a flooring material. Natural properties of wood limit the size of each plank because wood naturally expands and contracts when there are variations in tempe rature and humidity. Wood grows naturally in most parts of the world. Different climatic conditions favor different species of wood. Therefore, each continent has certain species unique to it, classified as either hardwood or softwood. In general, hardwood provides a more durable material because of its density and best fits as a material for wooden floors. It take longer to mature thereby making its sustainable management more difficult compared to softwood. Wood is a renewable resource. Hardwood trees take much longer than softwood trees to mature. This makes their sustainability more difficult to establish compared softwood trees. Nevertheless, with good management, hardwood stocks are a sustainable resource that can last for many generations. In the world, America has the best sustainability practices for its hardwood stocks (American Hardwood Export Council). Wood is sustainable because it is possible to grow them afresh after harvesting. â€Å"The U.S. hardwood sawmilling and processing industry, the largest in the world, depends upon the hardwood forests of the United States for the widest range of temperate hardwood species in the world† (American Hardwood Export Council).Advertising Looking for research paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hardwood forests constitute forty percent of all forest cover in the United States. The forests provide raw materials for different applications including flooring. The species used for making hardwood-flooring boards include, oak, walnut, pine, cherry, teak, and maple. The possible applications for any type of wood depend on its density and its physical appearance. Denser woods provide an ideal material for heavy uses such as flooring on high traffic areas, construction of external doors and durable furniture among others. Softwood trees on the other hand lend themselves for use as materials for lighter uses. While softwood timber i s useable for flooring, it wears out faster making it is less attractive as a flooring material. The installation of a wooden floor is a skilled job. They key pre-installation advice is, â€Å"store flooring where it will be installed† (Peterson Engel 15). This ensures that the wood adapts to the humidity in its surroundings. Otherwise, the floor may buckle if the wood has lesser humidity during installation, or it may develop gaps if it has at a higher humidity. Asphalt felt, put between the flooring base and the wooden flooring, provides appropriate protection from humidity for the wood. The wood may be pre-finished or requires finishing after installation. Comparison of Hardwood and Bamboo Flooring One of the materials very similar to hardwood applicable to flooring is bamboo. Bamboo is actually a grass or reed-type plant and not a wood despite its classification as a type of wooden floor. It has very good sustainability credentials because it regenerates after five years and its cultivation results in very little environmental damage. The comparison of wood and bamboo brings to the fore some of its superior natural qualities. Bamboo â€Å"offers both hardness and resilience and is both dimensionally stable and moisture resistant† (Bonda Sosnowchik 133). Compared to maple, its hardness is thirteen percent higher, while it exceeds the hardness oak by twenty seven percent. Bamboo has much better moisture resistance because of its natural structure.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Materials for Interiors: Wood specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Cost, availability, durability, and ease of maintenance influence the choice between hardwood flooring and bamboo flooring. Depending on the production process, the cost between the two materials may be significant. Bamboo offers better durability especially for heavy use areas while it also requires less maintenance because o f its resilience. However, depending on preference, wood provides more options for design in terms of color, finishes, sizing, and remains more adaptable than bamboo. Hardwood flooring and bamboo have the same maintenance requirements. They require vacuuming after the removal of loose dirt. Good maintenance practice requires the immediate drying of water or liquids that spill on them. New finishing coats and polishing may be necessary from time to time to maintain their natural look and ensure their long-term protection. The main advantages of hardwoods are flexibility of design and variety. Since hardwoods come in large pieces, their shaping may be into any number of shapes and sizes, within design limits. They do not handle humidity changes very well though. Bamboo on the other hand has very attractive natural qualities with good moisture resistance and admirable durability. The main limitation of bamboo is that its natural shape is very limiting to design. Works Cited American Ha rdwood Export Council. U.S. Hardwood Species. 2002. 19 March 2010 https://www.americanhardwood.org/en/american-hardwood/. Bonda, Penny and Katie Sosnowchik. Sustainable Commercial Interiors. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, 2007.Advertising Looking for research paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Peterson, Charles and Andy Engel. Wood Flooring: A Complete Guide to Layout, Installation Finishing. Newtown, CT: Taunton Press, 2010. This research paper on Materials for Interiors: Wood was written and submitted by user Nathanael R. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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The popularity of Credit Derivatives first came into play at the early 1990s The WritePass Journal

The popularity of Credit Derivatives first came into play at the early 1990s Introduction The popularity of Credit Derivatives first came into play at the early 1990s IntroductionCredit Derivative OverviewStructure of Credit DerivativesThe significance of Credit DerivativesCredit Derivatives and the Financial CrisisCredit Derivatives Regulation Conclusion References Related Introduction The popularity of Credit Derivatives first came into play at the early 1990s, when Demchak (Team leader at JP Morgan, responsible for creating CDO’s) and his team have invented these financial instruments (Eisinger 2008). After the failure of the Bretton woods system in 1971, the economy faced a stable state with low interest rates. Banks struggled for profits with a low demand for loans. In these financial circumstances, banks lacked methods that avoid them from bankruptcy, and guarantee that they could survive independently and remain solvent on the collapse of the economy. Credit derivatives were born of such concern, allowing bankers, and others, the ability to reduce their risk by selling risk to other parties (Ayadi, Behr 2009). This paper gives a general overview on the concept of credit derivatives. In its opening section, this paper introduces credit derivatives definition, structure, and its usefulness in the financial market will be introduced. The essay then goes o n to review the existing credit derivatives markets regulation and explains the need to regulate these markets in light of the recent financial crisis. Although credit derivatives may have beneficial effects, but it can only be obtained if credit derivatives are used responsibly by all market participants. This essay will argue that the current regulatory regime is not sufficient to induce market participants to use credit derivatives in a desirable way. Credit Derivative Overview Credit derivatives are financial contracts that effectively shift credit risk, or the default risk, from one party to another. In so doing, for example, Paula Tkac (2007) describes that if participants default on their bond payment, the bond value decreases. The credit derivative, consequently, transfer this credit risk to another market participant for a specific periodic payment. Credit derivatives have achieved a marvelous growth throughout the past decades. According to the British Banker’s Association (BBA), the global outstanding notional volume of credit derivatives was 180 billion USD in 1996. After a decade, the market size of derivatives had increased 112 times the previous size in 1996 with a 20 trillion USD of derivative contracts. Only 2 years later, by mid-year 2008, and as it is shown in the figure 1 below, the fair value of the outstanding amount of credit derivatives was 53.3 trillion USD, reflecting the continuous growth of this market.(Ayadi ,Behr 2009) Structure of Credit Derivatives Credit derivatives can be categorized as portfolio credit derivative (single name) or asset backed security (multiname) (Mengle 2007). The most popular single-name derivative is the credit default swap â€Å"CDS†.   Shah Gilani (2008) illustrates that this is a contract that provides insurance from default risk of a specific party. This party is known as the reference entity and the default risk is identified as a credit event. In a CDS, the buyer of the insurance obtains the right to sell bonds issued by the party for their face value when a default takes place; also, the seller of the insurance agrees to buy the bonds for their face value when the default occurs (Gilani 2008). This face value is known as the CDS notional principal and the periodical payment the buyer of the CDS pays is known as the credit spread (Gilani 2008).   On the other hand, the most popular asset backed derivative is the collateralized debt obligation (CDO). This derivative is created by packaging a pool of similar assets or loans into one single investment that can be traded (Mengle 2007). When a CDO is purchased, the investor ends up with a basket of bonds. This portfolio of bonds generated an income that is used to provide a promised return to tranches. (Mengle 2007) The significance of Credit Derivatives According to David Mengle (2007), credit derivatives came out in response to two traditional problems facing the banking system. First, taking a short position in credit was not possible. Thus, a lender cannot fully insure the safety of the loan from default. Second, diversification of credit risk was difficult to achieve and became a problem in the financial market. Given such problems, the only way to enhance the financial world is by the creation of the credit derivative market. These derivatives helped banks to buy ‘protection’ (insurance) through allowing banks to sell credit and hedge their exposure to credit losses. Moreover, using the single-name derivative CDS do not require any permission from the reference entity (Gilani 2008). Therefore, Mengle   (2007) believes that the second problem can be solved when lenders hedge and reduce their exposure to risky investments, and by that they achieve diversification. Particularly, Ayadi and Behr (2009) researched and found out that the increased use of hedge funds provided an essential source of liquidity in credit derivative markets. This helped banks in reducing their credit risk by allowing them to transfer assets and credit risk off their balance sheets. Also, it improves their liquidity by providing secondary markets for credit risk. (Ayadi, Behr 2009) Credit Derivatives and the Financial Crisis It is often argued that the flip side of credit derivatives played a major role in the collapse of the financial market. First of all, critics of credit derivatives, such as Tim Weithers (2007), claim that risk transformation ballooned systematic risk, given the difficulty of identifying participants holding the credit risk. Some complain that the CDS notional amount accounting requirements worsen the credit crisis for many financial institutions (Partnoy 2009). Yet, supporters, such as David Mengle (2007), counter that if banks had properly valued their risk exposures at the beginning, they would avoid crash when crisis hit. Second, the argument that credit derivatives increase overall risks by transforming credit risk to less experience with less regulation institutions makes an implicit assumption that government regulation automatically leads to more cautious risk-taking (Partnoy 2009). But this argument ignores the potential moral hazard associated with such an assumption. David Mengle (2007) illustrated that where he believed that unregulated institutions are not protected by the government, such institutions are likely to have incentives to manage credit exposures. (Mengle 2007) Nevertheless, in almost twenty years, credit derivatives have expanded from nothing into a $54.6 trillion market. Nicholas Varchaver, senior editor and Katie Benner, writer-reporter (2008) found that this increase is because an investor does not have to own a bond to buy a CDS on it anyone can place a bet on whether a bond will fail. Indeed, they believed that the majority of CDS now consists of bets on other peoples debt. But, and on the contrary, this problem occurred due to the lack of financial regulation. The supporters of the credit derivatives believe and agree with other critics that these risk financial contracts led to a financial collapse (Mengle 2007). However, the unregulated area of the credit derivatives led to misusing these instruments. For example, during President Clinton phase, the Housing and Urban Development (HUD) secretaries started regulating banks to lend to the poor more (Partnoy 2009). They expected Banks to loosen their lending standards. Yet, Banks undertook investment banking. Specifically, Banks started lending to people whose credit history was suspect and who couldn’t afford mortgage payment (Partnoy 2009). Thus, credit derivatives were used in a wrong manner and led to the deterioration of the financial market. Credit Derivatives Regulation There has been high level of concern with respect to what regulatory steps should be taken to use credit derivatives properly. Ayadi and Behr (2009) have demonstrated several methods that help in regulating credit derivatives properly. First, companies and banks should provide higher transparency through additional reporting requirements. Second, systemic risk should be reduced through the creation of central counterparties (CCPs) for standardized contracts. Finally, banks should impose higher capital requirements for at least some of the market. Yet, these regulations do not mean that credit derivatives are safe from improper use. For example, the creation of CCP’s concentrates the risk in a small number of institutions and creates institutions that are too big to fail. Moreover, high transparency has an impact on market quality and in particular on market liquidity. Madhavan (1995) studied the relation between the market and the availability of trading information to market investors. He shows that fragmented markets are highly demanded by some market participants where their trades are unknown. Madhavan (1995) also shows that greater transparency reduces price volatility. Conclusion Credit derivatives are financial instruments used for credit risk management purposes. The structure of these derivatives enhanced the world financial market and provided a safer investment for banks especially. However, these complex derivative contracts have led to the recent economic collapse. The regulation measures included a lot of mistakes and have lead to the fact that financial institutions created such complex CDO’s and sold them without fully understanding them. Also, the availability of unregulated areas helped in misusing credit derivatives. The true purpose of derivatives was for managing risks and not blind speculation. Thus, if simple derivatives such as put, call options, interest swaps and futures are used wisely, they can be used in productive, safe means. In conclusion, the financial market is exposed always to new participants with new mentalities. Therefore, regulating credit derivatives will not avoid financial crisis in the future if there are no strict control on new participants entering the field. References Ayadi, R. Behr, P. 2009, On the necessity to regulate credit derivatives markets, Journal of Banking Regulation, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 179-201. British Bankers Association. (2006) Credit Derivatives Report 2006. London, September. Eisinger, Jesse. The $58 Trillion Elephant in the Room. Credit Derivatives Role in Crash. 15 Oct. 2008. Conde Nast Portfolio. 10 Mar. 2009 portfolio.com/views/columns/wall-street/2008/10/15/Credit-Derivatives-Role-in-Crash. Gilani, S. 2008, The Real Reason for the Global Financial Crisis the Story No One’s Talking About, Money Morning, moneymorning.com, vol. 18. Madhavan, A. 1995, Consolidation, fragmentation, and the disclosure of trading information, Review of Financial Studies, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 579. Mengle, D. 2007, Credit derivatives: An overview, Economic Review, , no. Q4, pp. 1-24. Partnoy, F. â€Å" Derivative Dangers†, Fresh Air, NPR, March 25, 2009 Tkac, P. 2007, Preface- Credit Derivatives: Where’s the Risk?, Economic Review, , pp. v-vii. Varchaver, N. Benner, K. 2008, The $55 trillion question, Fortune Magazine, vol. 30. Weithers, T. 2007, Credit derivatives, macro risks, and systemic risks, Economic Review-Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, vol. 92, no. 4, pp. 43.

Can a society that has developed agriculture still be a Leaver Essay

Can a society that has developed agriculture still be a Leaver society, or is it doomed to be a society of Takers - Essay Example They indulge in a string of meetings, wherein Ishmael lends a hand to the narrator in comprehending the cultural history of humans. Ishmael holds the view that there are two breeds of human beings; the Leavers and the Takers. While the so called Takers are those who become sophisticated, by virtue of their faculty of intelligence, the Leavers are supposed to represent the category that has remained where they belong, purportedly living their lives in a way that the Takers could not. However, by virtue of embracing a new concept and living by it does not make a human a simple taker. This becomes valid when one considers every aspect that this person leaves to takes another. This is how the transition of humans from agriculture to the extreme of technology has taken place. Thus, to conclude that those who developed agriculture, eschewing their existence as hunters, are doomed to be a society of Takers is not a justifiable proposition. First consideration is the statement, â€Å"I†™m going to call the people of your culture Takers and the people of all other cultures Leavers† (Quinn 21). ... In many ways Takers culture is in freefall, doomed to collapse once it has exhausted the planet of its biological and environmental resources. However, it matters that Takers have left a legacy for others to emulate and thus they are not mere takers but they have left something for others. The mysterious narrator and Ishmael engages in prolonged discussions about various myths and how both the Taker and leaver cultures evolved bent with the help of various myths. During the past, to explain the expansion of Takers culture, Leavers culture uses the myth. Commonly Leavers are the hunters or gatherers and Takers are agriculturalists. Leavers are constantly seeking to understand why Takers have turned to agriculture. In the middle of the story is human kind’s evolutionary stage as hunter, a time when they were leading life akin to that of other animals without a permanent habitat to return to, hunting down other animals, uncertain of any boundaries or land they could call theirs. For achieving the destiny of human kinds, it has to discover agriculture, which provided the Taker culture with the means of finding a permanent settlement and making the way for the development of  civilization and technology. From the Ishmael it is clear that Takers see agriculture as a means to promote growth. The Takers culture finds its base on agriculture, which departs from the previous concept of humans as nomadic and binds them to a certain locality. They believe the universe is a potential source for them to tap their necessities and they disregard the fact that the resources equally belong to other creations. Thus, their selfishness stretches beyond any limit as they take

Ansewring qustions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ansewring qustions - Essay Example There are things that we know from our birth and they do not need to be proved anyhow. These things are priori like 2+2 = 4, they do not need any evidences and explanation why it is so. The views of empiricists are quite opposite; they think that only experience can give way to knowledge. All the suppositions, which are considered by rationalists to be priori, empiricists considered as â€Å"trifling† if they were not proved by experience (Blackburn). As for me I can’t state that I agree with any of these theories, both of them are useful. Philosophy is a science, in which we can’t find right or wrong opinions. However, I must say that the views of empiricists are closer to my own views. The fact is that I do not believe in things I did not see with my own eyes. Thus, in my opinion, the experience is very important and every supposition must have its own evidence to become a statement. We can state something only if it was already proved and we have the proofs. 2. Kant: Why, for Kant, is the rationalist argument insufficient to explain knowledge? What does it mean to know something is â€Å"a priori†? How exactly does the connection between our reason and sensory impressions work? Be sure to include some substantive text based information including the role of synthetic a priori propositions? According to the great philosopher Immanuel Kant, it is useless to support something without the evidences received from experience. Every statement should be proved with the help of experience. The theories based on such approach like rationalist theories can’t be helpful anyhow. Thus, further work was needed to be done in this direction. These views were reflected by the great philosopher in his work called the Critique of Pure Reason. According to Kant, the word â€Å"sensibility† and the word â€Å"sense† are closely connected in meaning. That is why,

What can literature, music, cinema, theatre or art bring to the study Essay

What can literature, music, cinema, theatre or art bring to the study of International Relations - Essay Example The field of International Relations (IR) is a body of knowledge that deals with political activities that are intertwined among various key state players. According to the research conducted by Polat (2012), through International Relations, individuals are able to comprehend the kind of relations that exist between various states. In this case, International Relations refers to the study of the interactions between the members of the field of International Relations, which are the nation states. International Relations can also be defined as the study that scrutinizes the relationships between countries and the responses displayed by these countries as a result of the interactions between the states. It would appear that no country can subsist on its own. In this case, it is imperative to appreciate the power relations between the nations in the International Relations. International Relations, according to Mandaville (2003), is a body of knowledge that highlights the factors that inspire the connection between the countries in the world. In simple terms, International Relations refers to an understanding of the interactions that are present between different countries in the International arena. This includes reviewing the flow of information from one country to another, the manner of responses by each party, and the outcomes that spring from the entire relations process. These implications vary from political, social and economic implications.

Why Do We Lose Hair Cultural Studies Essay

Why Do We Lose Hair Cultural Studies Essay On average people shed about 100 hairs a day. More than that can cause bold patches. Many men and women experiences hair loss at various stages in their lives. Hormonal changes, poor nutrition and scalp damage are few causes of the hair loss. Some reasons for hair loss are reversible and some are permanent. There are many treatments for hair loss. There are alternatives before turning to expensive hair transplant and medications. For those who are troubled by the problem of hair fall, there is a credible shampoo that can be used as an adjunct treatment for the purpose of stopping hair fall. Its known as the Progaine shampoo and has been especially formulated to be used with the much famous Rogaine hair fall control treatment. Progaine shampoo is designed for anyone suffering from hair loss and is using Rogaine to treat thinning hair. Progaine shampoo is designed for finer hair types , unlike most other products which can weigh the hair down. The specialist shampoo cleanses the scalp and removes environmental buildup for example chlorine and pollution) from the hair which are the main cause of hair loss. Penetrating right to the core from root to tip. The Progaine shampoo nourishing ingredients like wheat protein and keratin. Which are very good to cleans the scalp thoroughly and gently. Progaine shampoo can be used on thinner hair types with confidence unlike many other products, which will leave your hair bouncy and give them extra volume. It doesnt wilt them down like most other common shampoos. The finest ingredients are used to make the product. The shampoo is designed for both men and women and for all hair types. Upjohn the manufacturers of the shampoo do not claim that progaine alone will re grow hair. However it works well as a supplement to Rogaine and other topical hair loss treatments by getting your s calp clean and healthy for hair loss treatments to work. Rogaine and progaine treatments works most effectively on early stages of the hair loss but has had surprising effects even for those who have noticeable thinning. Many people who used Progaine shampoo said that along with Rogaine, the product really made a difference to their appearance and boosted their confidence. If you have hair loss or concern about thinning hair, choosing to add Rogaine and Progaine shampoo to your hair care regime could be life changing. The amazing product does not contain monoxidil. The unique formula of this product works in conjunction with Rogaine treatment to give the best chance possible for improved hair growth. People who combined the Rogaine treatment with progaine shampoo said they had noticeable results in as little as 4 to 6 weeks. The progaine shampoo is available in many selected stores and also online. What is conditioner and its benefits The term hair conditioner is vague. Hair conditioners fall into groups according to what you want to accomplish with your hair. People with thin hair need a specific kind of conditioner; people with thick, dry hair need another. A conditioner is something that will improve quality of another thing. For centuries oils have been used to condition human hair. These natural ingredients are still in use today, such as essential oils, jojoba oil. Modern hair conditioner was created at the turn of twentieth century when well known perfumer ED Pinaud presented a product he called brilliantine at the 1900 exposition universelle in paris. His product was meant to soften hair. Since the invention of Pinauds early product, modern science has advanced the hair conditioner industry. The best product now days are Progaine shampoo and conditioner. The product is best for its natural ingredients. Progaine shampoo and conditioner coats the cuticle of the hair itself so healthy, shiny and bouncy hair c an be obtained. There are six categories in conditioner. Moisturizers are concentrated with humectants. Humectants are compounds that attract and hold moisture into the hair. They may not contain botanicals or protein (they often do contain it). Reconstructors normally contain protein. Hydrolyzed human hair keratin protein is the best source because it contains 19 amino acids found in the hair. Human hair protein has a low molecular weight. This enables it to penetrate the hair shaft. The main purpose of a reconstructor is to strengthen the hair. Acidfiers the key word is acid. When a product carries pH of 2.5 to 3.5 it is normally termed as acidifier. The pH will compact the cuticle layer of the hair. The result is shiny, bouncy hair. Acidifiers do not weight the hair. They do create shine and add elasticity. Detanglers are acidifiers too. They close the cuticle of the hair, which cause tangles. Some shield the hair shaft with polymers (polymers are strings of molecules a chain). Thermal protectors safeguard the hair against heat. Using thermal protectors are one of the best things you can do to your hair if u blow dry, use curling irons, or hot rollers. They normally use heat absorbing polymers that distribute the heat. So your hair does not get heat damage. Glossers are cosmetic. Most glossers contain dimethicone or cyclomethicone (very light oils derived from silicone). Used in small amounts they reflect light. Also they are one of best products to control the frizzies. Hair loss can be devastating in its normal effects. People suffering from hair loss, lose confidence because of their appearance changes and feel unattractive. Premature hair loss can be blamed on a wide number of contributing factors. These incluse skin conditions, hormone levels, stress and poor health. There are number of treatments for hair loss and many products are developed to reduce the hair loss. One of the most popular products is progaine shampoo and conditioner. progaine shampoo and conditioner are aimed at people with thinning hair or premature hair loss who want to take good hair of their scalp. Progaine shampoo and conditioner do not contain minoxidil, and for this reason do not claim to make new growth of hair. Instead the philosophy behind it is a clean healthy scalp helps promote follicle rejuvenation providing an optimum environment for new hair growth. progaine shampoo and conditioner contain a range of ingredients which does help in nourishing the hair from inside and make the hair less likely to snap or break off all together. The vitamins in the product help in removing the environmental build up from scalp and cleans the hair very gently which results in stronger and long lasting hair. The proteins added to the product includes soy protein, wheat protein, keratin and jojoba seed oil. All these ingredients have been proven to have excellent effects of the appearance and quality if hair in shortest period of time. The products can be used and purchased together and separately. Progaine shampoo and conditioner is available online and in many selected stores and chemists. Volumizing products and its benefits Progaine volumizing shampoo is great for thin and fine hair.designed to cleanse and condition the hair. The product optomize and volumize your hair with progaine products. The ingrediants in the progaine volumizing shampoo are deionized water , sodium laureth sulfate , cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine , polyquaternium-11 , glycol stearate , hydrolyzed wheat protein, cocamide MEA , guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride , steardimonium hydroxypropyl hydrolyzed wheart prote , panteneol , fragrance , iodopropnyl butylcarbamate , DMDM hydantion , wheat amino acids , cinnamidopropyl trimonium chloride. The product is especilly formulated to gently clean and thicken fine or thinning hair. It helps fighting againts weigh down hair. Most shampoo contains silicone which make the hair feel softer. However this silicone can often make the hair feel thinner. In addition , silicone can coat the scalp and this stops treatments from reaching the roots of the hair. The unique formula penetrates each hair as it strengthens from the inside out, providing each strand more volume. This is important factor as some build up such as DHT , a hormone , have been shown to cause hair loss , and inhabit new growth. Midly formulated, progaine volumizing shampoo contains a whole host of nurishing ingrediants which are known as to aid strengthen and condition the hair. The experts explains that using using ingrediants such as in progaine volumizing shampoo help to give strength the hair by penetrating deep to the core. Vitamins help feed he hair , making it shine with health and vitality. It is also safe to use on colour treated hair. The shampoo is desinged for both men and women. The reviews for progaine volumizing shampoo from the users show that results are eye oppening and amazing. This is true texturing shampoo that will raise the cuticles and give each atrand of hair some real texture so they ll get a little air between them and fluff up on your head, this is the shampoo you are lookin for. The users who were unconvinced by the product claims were impressed right from the first use. And which shows excellent results achieved by the manufacturers of the product. Progaine volumizing shampoo use 100% natural ingredients and is therefore very safe to use on any type of hair. The product is available online and in many selected stores in very reasonable and compatible price. Styling products and their benefits Progaine volumizing foam is styling product. It is excellent product for anyone wants to add more volume to their hair. It contains mousse like formula and is creamy and rich and most important gives extra volume where it is needed. It gives you great hold which makes styling your hair as u wish.it is suitable for both wet and dry hair. The hair looks clean and natural when progaine volumizing foam is applied. The ingredients are specially formulated for the thinning hair, not weighing it down or making it look dull or dry. All the bad ingreadents which can damage the sclap or irrate it are excluded, and ingredients suuch as weight protein and amino acids help to build hair strength. The product brings end to uninspired hair even if youre suffering hair loss or thinning hair problems. Progaine volumizing foam is a moisture rich mousse that builds adds volume and body to wavy hair with rich botanicals and vitamins. The pure selected and natural ingredients keep the hair in their healthy form for longer period of time. Regular use of the product also prevents from future hair lose and dull hair. Reviews for the progaine volumizing foam are in general very positive. Most users say the product give them more flexibility with the hair styles they could try and worked very well as a part of progaine range of hair treatments. The product is available to purchase online or in many selected stores. The price is very reasonable and affordable. The progaine volumizing foam gives you the styling hold you desire. This airy foam creates volume and control the hair. Adding staying power to style .The ingredients in the progaine volumizing foam are deionized water, acrylates copolymer, methacryloyl ethyl betaine, acrylates copolymer, cocotrimonium methosulfate, PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil, PVP, dimethicone copolyol meadowfoamate, aminomethyl propanol, panthenyl hydroxypropyl steardimonium choloride, cocodimonium hydrolyzed hair keratin, panthenol, fragrance, DMDM hydantion, iodopropynyl butylcarbamate, hydrolyzed wheat protein, wheat amino acids, octyl mathoxycinnamate. Dandruff is another common problem in many peoples hair. Most people feel their head itchy; dont wear black because the dandruff shows. However it is not the same with new products in the market. Dandruff is one cosmetic inconvenience that can be overcome very easily with right treatment. There are many products available, so you could easily be able to overcome the problem. The dandruff may seem at first very easy to prevent with one of the anti dandruff shampoo, but the problem is actually much deeper than jus a flaky scalp. Some people think lack of cleanliness causes dandruff, but the truth is something else. Dandruff is a mild inflammation of the scalp causes flaking in the head. The flakes are visible most of the time its itchy or sore. Progaine shampoo 2 in 1 is treatment for hair with dandruff problems. Dandruff is most common problem. Dandruff responds very well to treatment but often reoccurs when the treatment is stopped. The old cells on the scalp are constantly renewing and the old ones are pushed to the surface. The main cause of dandruff is when the process of renewal speeds up twice the normal rate; hence the greater number of dead cells are shed. Dandruff is believed to be associated with an overgrowth of a fungus commonly found on the skin and scalp, called pityrosporum ovale. The reaction to the yeast causes the increased turnover and flaking, hence progaine shampoo 2 in 1 is the best treatment available. It stops the yeast reaction all together and also moisture the scalp to prevent dandruff problem all together. Dandruff scales usually occur as small, round, white patches on top of the head. It can occur anywhere in head. Dandruff is often known as dry scalp, but people with oily scalps tend to suffer the most. An oily scalp also supports the growth of P ovale. Dandruff is natural process, it cannot be eliminated. It can only be managed and controlled with progaine 2 in 1 shampoo. The cause of dandruff is usually due to the overworking of the sebaceous glands. These glands produce oil and help shed dead skin. In the case of a dandruff sufferer, the sebaceous glands are overactive, shedding more skin than usual. The condition gets better in summer and worse in winter but now with progaine 2 in 1 shampoo the condition can be better and under control whole year round. Progaine deep cleansing shampoo is in popular range. The shampoo is a mild formula of nutrients and vitamins, along with deep cleansing ingredients. It is especially aimed at resolving the problems like thinning hair, hair fall and deep cleansing. The scientist have spent many years in research to develop the product which will resolve people specific problems like to deal with hair which needs a more intense clean. Weak and thin hair can be weigh down by residues of other hair products, dirt, dust and pollution. Progaine deep cleansing shampoo lifts the unwanted build up of dust and dirt from the scalp which can have very negative effects on the growth of the hair leaves the hair very fresh feeling without stripping the hair natural protection. Progaine deep cleansing shampoo is gentle deep cleansing and nutrient to maximize healthy hair growth. All hair is prone to pollution progaine deep cleansing shampoo uses peppermint and rich nutrients, together creating a mildly astringent action to benefit the scalp. Progaine deep cleansing shampoo removes all the dirt and pollutants dulling down the hair style, refill hair with the moisture. Oily scalp is also bad for healthy hair therefore the shampoo removes excess oil from hair and scalp. It also prevents further damage to the hair. It uses all natural ingredients as all other progaine products. It contains no harmful or coating chemical preservatives. It also contain RNA and DNA. Progaine deep cleansing shampoo is the one to use when the sebaceous glands have produced more oil than is needed because of special all natural ingredients which help dry up the overactive glands. Daily shampoos are not harmful with progaine deep cleansing shampoo, but it would be advisable not to over stimulate the scalp by excessive rubbing, thus producing more oil. Progaine deep cleansing shampoo also penetrates damaged hair to strengthen and protect against additional damage. The shampoo works immediately, rinses cleanly and wont coat your hair. The result is shiny, soft full and manageable hair. It is also good for chemically treated hair. The PH balance is 4.5- 5.5 (the range of healthy hair and scalp) All the progaine products are available online and also in many stores around the country and worldwide. It is also available in many chemists all over the world. The prices are very compatible with all the similar range of products. There is website for the company that is www.progaineshampoo.org . The company welcomes the feedback from the customers. The website also explains how and where to buy progaine products.

Improve my writing skills

Most famous music curses of all the time The â€Å"Gloomy Sunday' Curse â€Å"Gloomy Sunday† was a song written by Roses Serves, a Hungarian composer . The break-up with his girlfriend in 1933 left him such depression that he wrote this obsessive sorrowful melody. A few months after Gloomy Sunday's coming-out, a record label agreed to buy † the dead song† and published it in many big cites in the world.However, Serves turned out to be a very unlucky man. Weeks after the publishable of Gloomy Sunday, there was many scary strange stories around it. In Berlin, a man complained to his friends that he was really obsessed by Its disconsolate melody and lyric. He was soon diagnosed with autism and then ended his life with a gun. Just about one or two days later, again in Berlin, the police found a girl hanging herself in her own room and surprisingly, there was a piece of the song's lyrics on her bed .In the same year, hundreds of cases like that happened in Hungary, Fra nce and America, then spreader to the whole world. In many nations, Gloomy Sunday was even banned but the more it was banned, the more popular it became. In January 1968, Serves also committed suicide . It sounds disgusting and unbelievable, right? I must admit that the melody is very scaring but then nothing happened to me. I'm still alive and I'm standing here, talking with you. Researchers showed that music can have an extraordinary impact on humans' behavior.At that time, America and the Europe was in such a hard period that the economic crisis, unemployment and war increasing had a strong effect on people's spirit, pushed them Into a state of pessimism and depression In life. In conclusion, Gloomy Sunday used to be regarded as the last straw that broke the camel's back, but finally, there's o curse or no secret around this song. Now, we can freely enjoy it. The â€Å"Buddy Hold Curse February 3, 1 959 Is commonly referred to as The Day The Music Died, because on that day, one of the rockers who had pooled in the trend of rock and roll , died In a plane crush during The Winter Dance Party tour.It also is known as the start of the â€Å"Buddy Holly Curse,† as many musicians and people involved in Holly and his music have also met untimely deaths. For example, Ronnie Smith, the vocalist who was hired to replace Holly on the tour. Became a spectrally patient after the last performance, ND a few years later suicide. Then, David Box, a member of Holly's band, also tried to start a solo career, but like Holly he died in a plane crash at the exact same age of 22. After Holly's death, his wife miscarried their only child.From there, the curse spread to Gene Vincent and Eddie Cochran, who both were very close to Holly. Another unlucky man who reportedly went out to see the film about this rocker, The Buddy Holly Story on September 7, died exact on Holly's birthday! The â€Å"Robert Johnson† Curse Have you ever heard about Robert Johnson? He is known for his â€Å"curse† almost as 1 OFF Mississippi Delta blues style . The story of the curse is that Johnson met a large black man ( the Devil) at a crossroads on the outskirts of some unknown town, at midnight .It was at that crossroad where he exchanged his soul for the Devil to become a great blues performer. Of course , it was only a rumor until people gradually believed the curse when Robert Johnson died at his 27, also at a crossroad! Moreover, many artists like Lanyard Snyder and The Allan Brothers died after covering Roberts famous song † the Crossroad†. Some said the situation could have been a coincidence, but for entries, no one could explain why so many people who involved Robert Johnson died at the same years.The â€Å"Flowerpot Mac band † Curse There have been stories of many cursed bands,however, the most famous of the cursed bands would have to be Flowerpot Mac, whose album Rumors sold over 19 million albums in the US. Flowerpot Mac was actua lly founded by Peter Green, who took too much acid in 1970, left the band, and was committed to a mental hospital. Then, slide guitarist Jerry Spencer took too much drug in 1971 and Joined a sex cult ( gig phi) 2 years later on a tour, then-guitarist Danny had strange gestures like peeping beating his head against the wall and unconsciously making fun of the band to the audience.It was so sad that later he became a criminal and ended up dying homeless. Do you see a pattern here? More recently, the guitarist Bob Weston died of an aneurysm( etc Eng much) in 2012, and in the same year the second guitarist Bob Welsh killed himself because of clinical depression.

Blue Remembered Hills Essay

When I first read the script of Blue Remembered Hills I thought it was quite naturalistic and it was well written from a child’s perspective. The characters were all very believable and it seemed like a fun play to perform. I thought it would be easy to do because the characters are all children and I can still remember how I was at that age. In the performance I played the part of Peter, a young boy of about seven or eight years. He is the bully of the group and he tends to use his strength to get his own way over the others. He is not very intelligent and some of the characters use this to their advantage to get out of situations e.g. in scene two when Peter tries to steal Willie’s apple but Willie convinces him one bite would kill him. To get into our roles of young children, we did various exercises like childhood games and hotseating. I found hotseating particularly helpful because afterwards all of the class give their opinions and constructive criticism so I could improve my character. Playing childhood games helps to put you into the mind of an eight year old. After a few weeks we looked at the subtext of the play. This means you go through the script and look for the true meaning of the words that are spoken. For example if somebody says something sarcastically, you know to say it in a certain tone. Doing this helped with the language and how to speak the words in accent using the correct tone so that the true meaning is given across to the audience. I found the best way to improve voice, movement and gesture was to keep rehearsing it and talk to each other about how it looks and what could be improved. All of the characters wore similar clothing, as they’re all children of the same age living at the same time. For Peter I chose a pair of dirty, grey shorts and a plain dirty white shirt as this was typical for the time. He did not have any props specific to his character. I think that together as a group we worked very well. I found that constructive criticism and feedback from the other people in my group helped me greatly because it tells you what you look like to others and how the character comes across to the audience. We didn’t experience many major problems throughout the project and other problems were easy to solve. Last minute rehearsals were just to polish off the scripts and make sure that all the scenes ran smoothly together. In the run-up to the final performance we would just act out each scene over an over and confirm that we had the play how we wanted it. I was quite pleased with the final performance but despite weeks of learning the lines, I still managed to make a few slip-ups, which I and the other character made up for by improvising. I thought that each person in the group fitted very well into their characters and worked very well together. We all added a bit of our own personality, which made the characters more believable. If I did the play again I might have made it more physical and at a faster pace. I didn’t see any other groups’ performances so I can’t compare ours to anyone else’s. Over the past few weeks I have learned new techniques of character development and I feel my ability to work in a group has improved. I think I need sometimes to put in a bit more effort in the lessons and do every rehearsal as if it were the real thing as I lacked motivation in some lessons. It has prepared me a bit for the written exam because I have been analysing the performance, which is exactly what I have to do for the exam.

Charles Richter, Inventor of the Richter Magnitude Scale

Charles Richter, Inventor of the Richter Magnitude Scale Seismic waves are the vibrations from earthquakes that travel through the Earth; they are recorded on instruments called seismographs. Seismographs record a zig-zag trace that shows the varying amplitude of ground oscillations beneath the instrument. Sensitive seismographs, which greatly magnify these ground motions, can detect strong earthquakes from sources anywhere in the world. The time, locations, and magnitude of an earthquake can be determined from the data recorded by seismograph stations. The Richter magnitude scale was developed in 1935 by Charles F. Richter of the California Institute of Technology as a mathematical device to compare the size of earthquakes. The magnitude of an earthquake is determined from the logarithm of the amplitude of waves recorded by seismographs. Adjustments are included for the variation in the distance between the various seismographs and the epicenter of the earthquakes. On the Richter Scale, magnitude is expressed in whole numbers and decimal fractions. For example, a magnitude 5.3 might be computed for a moderate earthquake, and a strong earthquake might be rated as magnitude 6.3. Because of the logarithmic basis of the scale, each whole number increase in magnitude represents a tenfold increase in measured amplitude; as an estimate of energy, each whole number step in the magnitude scale corresponds to the release of about 31 times more energy than the amount associated with the preceding whole number value. At first, the Richter Scale could be applied only to the records from instruments of identical manufacture. Now, instruments are carefully calibrated with respect to each other. Thus, magnitude can be computed from the record of any calibrated seismograph. Earthquakes with magnitude of about 2.0 or less are usually called microearthquakes; they are not commonly felt by people and are generally recorded only on local seismographs. Events with magnitudes of about 4.5 or greater- there are several thousand such shocks annually- are strong enough to be recorded by sensitive seismographs all over the world. Great earthquakes, such as the 1964 Good Friday earthquake in Alaska, have magnitudes of 8.0 or higher. On average, one earthquake of such size occurs somewhere in the world each year. The Richter Scale has no upper limit. Recently, another scale called the moment magnitude scale has been devised for more precise study of great earthquakes. The Richter Scale is not used to express damage. An earthquake in a densely populated area which results in many deaths and considerable damage may have the same magnitude as a shock in a remote area that does nothing more than frighten the wildlife. Large-magnitude earthquakes that occur beneath the oceans may not even be felt by humans. NEIS Interview The following is a transcript of an NEIS interview with Charles Richter: How did you become interested in seismology?CHARLES RICHTER: It was really a happy accident. At Caltech, I was working on my Ph.D. in theoretical physics under Dr. Robert Millikan. One day he called me into his office and said that the Seismological Laboratory was looking for a physicist; this was not my line, but was I at all interested? I talked with Harry Wood who was in charge of the lab; and, as a result, I joined his staff in 1927. What were the origins of the instrumental magnitude scale?CHARLES RICHTER: When I joined Mr. Woods staff, I was mainly engaged in the routine work of measuring seismograms and locating earthquakes, so that a catalog could be set up of epicenters and times of occurrence. Incidentally, seismology owes a largely unacknowledged debt to the persistent efforts of Harry O. Wood for bringing about the seismological program in southern California. At the time, Mr. Wood was collaborating with Maxwell Alien on a historical review of earthquakes in California. We were recording on seven widely spaced stations, all with Wood-Anderson torsion seismographs. What modifications were involved in applying the scale to worldwide earthquakes?CHARLES RICHTER: Youre quite rightly pointing out that the original magnitude scale which I published in 1935 was set up only for southern California and for the particular types of seismographs in use there. Extending the scale to worldwide earthquakes and to recordings on other instruments was begun in 1936 in collaboration with Dr. Gutenberg. This involved using the reported amplitudes of surface waves with periods of about 20 seconds. Incidentally, the usual designation of the magnitude scale to my name does less than justice to the great part that Dr. Gutenberg played in extending the scale to apply to earthquakes in all parts of the world. Many people have the wrong impression that the Richter magnitude is based on a scale of 10.CHARLES RICHTER: I repeatedly have to correct this belief. In a sense, magnitude involves steps of 10 because every increase of one magnitude represents a tenfold amplification of the ground motion. But there is no scale of 10 in the sense of an upper limit as there is for intensity scales; indeed, Im glad to see the press now referring to the open-ended Richter scale. Magnitude numbers simply represent measurement from a seismograph record- logarithmic to be sure but with no implied ceiling. The highest magnitudes assigned so far to actual earthquakes are about 9, but that is a limitation in the Earth, not in the scale. There is another common misapprehension that the magnitude scale is itself some kind of instrument or apparatus. Visitors will frequently ask to see the scale. Theyre disconcerted by being referred to tables and charts that are used for applying the scale to readings taken from the seismograms. No doubt you are often asked about the difference between magnitude and intensity.CHARLES RICHTER: That also causes great confusion among the public. I like to use the analogy with radio transmissions. It applies in seismology because seismographs, or the receivers, record the waves of elastic disturbance, or radio waves, that are radiated from the earthquake source, or the broadcasting station. Magnitude can be compared to the power output in kilowatts of a broadcasting station. Local intensity on the Mercalli scale is then comparable to the signal strength on a receiver at a given locality; in effect, the quality of the signal. Intensity like signal strength will generally fall off with distance from the source, although it also depends on the local conditions and the pathway from the source to the point. There has been interest recently in reassessing what is meant by the size of an earthquake.CHARLES RICHTER: Refining is inevitable in science when you have made measurements of a phenomenon for a long period of time. Our original intent was to define magnitude strictly in terms of instrumental observations. If one introduces the concept of energy of an earthquake then that is a theoretically derived quantity. If the assumptions used in calculating energy are changed, then this seriously affects the final result, even though the same body of data might be used. So we tried to keep the interpretation of the size of the earthquake as closely tied to the actual instrument observations involved as possible. What emerged, of course, was that the magnitude scale presupposed that all earthquakes were alike except for a constant scaling factor. And this proved to be closer to the truth than we expected.

Demographic Transition Model

Demographic Transition Model The demographic transition model seeks to explain the transformation of countries from having high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates. In developed countries, this transition began in the eighteenth century and continues today. Less developed countries began the transition later and are still in the midst of earlier stages of the model. CBR CDR The model is based on the change in crude  birth rate (CBR) and crude death rate (CDR) over time. Each is expressed per thousand population. The CBR is determined by taking the number of births in one year in a country, dividing it by the countrys population, and multiplying the number by 1000. In 1998, the CBR in the United States is 14 per 1000 (14 births per 1000 people) while in Kenya it is 32 per 1000. The crude death rate is similarly determined. The number of deaths in one year is divided by the population and that figure is multiplied by 1000. This yields a CDR of 9 in the U.S. and 14 in Kenya. Stage I Prior to the Industrial Revolution, countries in Western Europe had high CBR and CDR. Births were high because more children meant more workers on the farm and with the high death rate, families needed more children to ensure the  survival of the family. Death rates were high due to disease and a lack of hygiene. The high CBR and CDR were somewhat stable and meant the  slow growth of a population. Occasional epidemics would dramatically increase the CDR for a few years (represented by the waves in Stage I of the model. Stage II In the mid-18th century, the death rate in Western European countries dropped due to improvement in sanitation and medicine. Out of tradition and practice, the birth rate remained high. This dropping death rate but the  stable birth rate at the beginning of Stage II contributed to skyrocketing population growth rates. Over time, children became an added expense and were less able to contribute to the wealth of a family. For this reason, along with advances in birth control, the CBR was reduced through the 20th century in developed countries. Populations still grew rapidly but this growth began to slow down. Many less developed countries are currently in Stage II of the model. For example, Kenyas high CBR of 32 per 1000 but low CDR of 14 per 1000 contribute to a high rate of growth (as in mid-Stage II). Stage III In the late 20th century, the CBR and CDR in developed countries both leveled off at a low rate. In some cases, the CBR is slightly higher than the CDR (as in the U.S. 14 versus 9) while in other countries the CBR is less than the CDR (as in Germany, 9 versus 11). (You can obtain current CBR and CDR data for all countries through the Census Bureaus International Data Base). Immigration from less developed countries now accounts for much of the population growth in developed countries that are in Stage III of the transition. Countries like China, South Korea, Singapore, and Cuba are rapidly approaching Stage III. The Model As with all models, the demographic transition model has its problems. The model does not provide guidelines as to how long it takes a country to get from Stage I to III. Western European countries took centuries through some rapidly developing countries like the Economic Tigers are transforming in mere decades. The model also does not predict that all countries will reach Stage III and have stable low birth and death rates. There are factors such as religion that keep some countries birth rate from dropping. Though this version of the demographic transition is composed of three stages, youll find similar models in texts as well as ones that include four or even five stages. The shape of the graph is consistent but the divisions in time are the only modification. An understanding of this model, in any of its forms, will help you to better understand population policies and changes in developed and less developed countries around the world.

MANAGING DIVERSITY( analysis of a newspaper article ) Essay

MANAGING DIVERSITY( analysis of a newspaper article ) - Essay Example re words shared by the Richard, an Establishment Services Manager at BA: â€Å"Working and traveling with BA as a disabled traveler (paraplegic in a wheelchair) I get to see at first hand the service offered to additional needs customer and staff, good and bad. In most instances the service levels are of high standard but if things have not been right on the day, feedback had been acted upon. I would urge all disabled travelers to tell us about their travel experience in order that we can offer the highest level of service† (British Airways’ diversity strategy, online). The company also espouses a strong culture of respect, for which it has deployed an employee questionnaire. Through responses to the survey, it has crafted the following objectives towards building a culture of equality: Still towards this thrust, BA has joined Stonewall champions scheme last year (2005). It is a venue that advocates diversity within work settings. The emphasis placed on the management of harassment and bullying is captured by BA Chief Executive Rod Eddington, as follows: â€Å"Dignity and respect for other people are basic values we must all adopt.   We should all be aware of the impact of our behaviour on others and be tolerant of people who have different values, religions and beliefs to our own.   This applies to our peers, colleagues and customers.†   On age, the company has already proposed flexible retirement and is watching out for the new government regulations on the matter (British Airways’ diversity strategy, online). Thus, the article on BA which presents that it discriminates against a religious practice – the wearing of a cross of a Catholic – seems contradictory to all of these publicity regarding diversity. This shall surely have an impact on their image as a fair employer and they must thoroughly ensure that they exercise fair practice and do not ostracize employees on the basis of race, color, gender, national origin, or religion. At first glance, the

The Corporate Strategy of Metro in the Canadian Market Research Paper

The Corporate Strategy of Metro in the Canadian Market - Research Paper Example The corporate level strategy is the overall or board strategies that the company has adopted. However, the business level strategy is the specific strategy that the company has implemented in order to achieve competitive advantage. Metro has applied a cost leadership strategy and the company is highly focused on reducing its overall costs so that they can offer goods to the customers at lower prices. Strategic models have been used to analyze the internal and external environment of the company. SWOT analysis and Porter’s Five forces model have been used to analyze the market conditions. SWOT analysis highlights the company has several strengths and there are opportunities in the market that Metro can capitalize. However, it is important for Metro to work on its weaknesses and take steps to reduce the impact of the threats that the company faces to further improve its position in the country. Porter five forces define the bargaining power of customers, bargaining power of supp liers, intensity of competition, threats from new entrants and threats from substitute products that Metro faces. At the end of the report gives a brief conclusion about the strategies of Metro and how the company can expand its operations and improve its profitability in the years to come. The strategy is defined as the plan of actions that the firm has set in order to achieve its targets or objectives or vision or mission (Johnson, & Scholes, 2001). Every organization operates with a target or with a mission and it is important for the management to formulate strategies that would lead to the accomplishment of these targets or mission (Bartlett, and Ghoshal, 1991). Mission and vision of the company are the tools that are used to motivate the employees and management and motivation to work would only arise if there is a mission to be achieved (Porter, 1980). However, it is important to have strategies that would make sure the efforts are put in the right direction. If a company doe s not have a proper strategy, then despite hard work and efforts from the employees, the company might not be able to reach its destination (Lee, and Carter, 2010). Managing a business has become complex today. With the increasing complexities of the external environment and organizations now need to be more focused and analyze their external environment carefully as well as regularly (Schroiff, and Arnold, 2004). By analyzing the external environment, an organization is able to identify factors that could influence their operations and profitability (Doole, and Lowe, 2008). Organizations can only plan and formulate their strategies if these factors are identified. Proper planning and careful formulation of strategies would allow firms to improve their earnings and achieve growth. This report will analyze one of the leading grocery stores in Canada, Metro. Metro is the food retailer operating in two major provinces of Canada; Quebec and Ontario. The company has its headquarters in M ontreal, Canada. The company has been growing despite increasing competition in the market.